Hyperthyroidism

 

What is the Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck. Despite its size, it has a major impact on the body. Thyroid hormones regulate every part of the metabolism.

The thyroid produces three main hormones:

• Thyroxine (T4): Plays a key role in digestion, heart rate regulation, and bone health.

• Calcitonin: Regulates calcium levels in the body.

• Triiodothyronine (T3): Regulates metabolism and supports brain development.

When the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of these hormones, it accelerates metabolism and causes hyperthyroidism, which can lead to symptoms such as weight loss, hand tremors, and irregular or rapid heartbeat.

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Causes of Hyperthyroidism

• Graves’ disease: An autoimmune disorder that stimulates the thyroid to produce excess hormones.

• Thyroid nodules: Lumps in the thyroid gland that produce additional hormones.

• Excessive iodine intake: From food, supplements, or medications.

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Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

• Swelling in the neck (goiter)

• Muscle weakness

• Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea

• Menstrual changes in women

• Unexplained weight loss

• Heart palpitations

• Depression or mood changes

• Hand tremors

• Excessive sweating

• Sleep disturbances

• Thin or fragile skin

• Bulging eyes (exophthalmos)

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Risk Factors

• Women are more likely to develop hyperthyroidism than men.

• Family history of thyroid disease.

• Type 1 diabetes.

• Adrenal gland disorders.

• Chronic illnesses such as pernicious anemia.

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Possible Complications

If untreated, hyperthyroidism may lead to:

• Heart problems (atrial fibrillation, heart failure).

• Osteoporosis (weakened bones).

• Vision problems.

• Skin swelling or discoloration.

• Thyroid storm (sudden and severe hyperthyroidism, a life-threatening emergency).

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Hyperthyroidism Treatment Options

• Antithyroid medications: Help reduce hormone production.

• Radioactive iodine therapy: Destroys part or all of the thyroid gland.

• Surgery (thyroidectomy): Partial or complete removal of the thyroid gland.

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FAQs About Hyperthyroidism

Is thyroid disease contagious?
No, thyroid diseases are not contagious. However, genetics may increase the risk.

Can environmental factors affect the thyroid?
Yes, consuming high-iodine foods may contribute to hyperthyroidism.

Will I need lifelong medication?
If the thyroid gland is surgically removed, lifelong hormone replacement therapy is required.

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When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you notice:

• Unexplained weight loss

• Rapid or irregular heartbeat

• Excessive sweating

• Persistent hand tremors

• Or any other symptoms linked to hyperthyroidism

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent serious complications and improve quality of life.