Gestational Diabetes

Introduction

Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels that are first diagnosed during pregnancy, whether the condition resolves after delivery or persists. In most cases, gestational diabetes disappears shortly after childbirth, but it increases the mother’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

This condition occurs when hormones produced by the placenta interfere with the body’s ability to use insulin effectively. As a result, glucose remains in the bloodstream instead of being absorbed by the body’s cells for energy.

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What Is Gestational Diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance detected for the first time during pregnancy. The diagnosis is made regardless of whether blood sugar levels can be controlled through dietary changes alone or if insulin therapy is required.

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Causes of Gestational Diabetes

• Hormonal changes during pregnancy

• Increased insulin resistance

• Inadequate insulin production by the pancreas to meet the increased demands of pregnancy

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Risk Factors

Although gestational diabetes can affect any pregnant woman, the risk increases in the following cases:

• Advanced maternal age (especially over 35 years)

• Family history of diabetes

• Overweight or obesity before pregnancy

• Previous delivery of a baby with high birth weight (more than 4 kg / 9 lbs)

• Previous history of gestational diabetes

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Complications of Gestational Diabetes

Complications for the Baby

• Excessive birth weight (macrosomia)

• Low blood sugar levels in the newborn shortly after birth

• Increased risk of birth injuries and delivery complications

• Higher risk of congenital abnormalities in poorly controlled cases

Complications for the Mother

• Increased risk of preeclampsia

• High blood pressure during pregnancy

• Increased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes after delivery

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Treatment of Gestational Diabetes

Treatment depends on the mother’s age, overall health, and blood glucose levels, and typically includes:

• Dietary modifications and a balanced meal plan

• Regular physical activity suitable for pregnancy

• Insulin therapy when blood sugar levels cannot be controlled by diet and exercise alone

⚠️ Note: Oral diabetes medications should not be used during pregnancy unless prescribed and closely monitored by a physician.

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Important Guidelines for Pregnant Women

• Maintain blood sugar levels within the recommended range

• Monitor blood glucose at home regularly and record the results

• Attend prenatal and diabetes clinic appointments as scheduled

• Follow the diet plan provided by a registered dietitian

• Engage in physical activity according to medical advice

• Test urine daily to ensure the absence of ketones

• Avoid using any medications without consulting a healthcare provider

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Conclusion

Gestational diabetes is a manageable condition when diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Adhering to medical advice and lifestyle recommendations helps protect both maternal and fetal health and reduces the risk of complications during and after pregnancy.