Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury
Overview
An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a tear or sprain of the ACL — one of the strong bands of tissue that connect your thigh bone (femur) to your shinbone (tibia). ACL injuries are common in sports that involve sudden stops, changes in direction, jumping, or landing, such as football, basketball, soccer, and downhill skiing.
Symptoms
Many people hear or feel a “pop” in the knee when the injury occurs. Soon after, the knee often becomes swollen and feels unstable, making it difficult or very painful to bear weight.
Causes and Risk Factors
ACL injuries typically occur during physical activities that place sudden stress on the knee joint — such as pivoting, twisting, or abrupt deceleration. Athletes, especially females, are at higher risk due to differences in muscle strength, coordination, and body mechanics.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider will examine the knee, check for swelling, range of motion, and joint stability. Imaging tests such as MRI scans are often used to confirm the severity of the ligament tear.
Treatment
Depending on the severity of the ACL injury, treatment options may include:
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Rest, ice, and rehabilitation exercises to regain strength and balance.
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Surgical reconstruction to replace the torn ligament with a tissue graft, followed by physical therapy.
With proper rehabilitation, many people can return to their previous level of activity.
Prevention
A well-designed training program can help reduce the risk of ACL injuries. Preventive exercises should focus on:
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Strengthening leg muscles.
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Improving balance and coordination.
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Practicing correct jumping and landing techniques.
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