Melatonin Hormone

 

 Melatonin: Benefits, Uses, Safety, and Side Effects🌙 

Introduction

Melatonin is a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep–wake cycle. Melatonin levels rise at night and decrease during the day, and its production declines with age.

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What Is Melatonin?

Melatonin helps signal the body that it is time to sleep. It is also available as a dietary supplement, commonly manufactured in laboratories and taken orally as tablets or capsules.

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Medical Uses of Melatonin

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder in the Blind

Research shows melatonin may help regulate sleep cycles in blind adults and children.

Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder

Melatonin may:

• Reduce sleep onset time

• Promote earlier sleep

Medical advice is essential before use in children.

Insomnia

Melatonin may slightly reduce the time needed to fall asleep, particularly in older adults.

Jet Lag

Evidence suggests melatonin can reduce:

• Daytime sleepiness

• Alertness disturbances

Shift Work Sleep Disorder

Evidence remains inconclusive regarding its effectiveness.

Sleep Disorders in Children

Some studies suggest benefit in children with neurological disabilities, but healthy sleep habits should be prioritized.

Alzheimer’s Disease

Melatonin may reduce evening agitation but does not improve cognitive function.

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Safety

Melatonin is generally safe for short-term use when taken appropriately. It should be used under medical supervision, especially for chronic conditions.

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Side Effects

Common:

• Headache

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Drowsiness

Less common:

• Temporary depression

• Mild anxiety

• Abdominal cramps

• Confusion or reduced alertness

⚠️ Avoid driving or operating machinery for at least 5 hours after use.

🚫 Not recommended for individuals with autoimmune diseases.

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Drug Interactions

Melatonin may interact with:

• Anticoagulants

• Anticonvulsants

• Blood pressure medications

• CNS depressants

• Diabetes medications

• Oral contraceptives

• CYP1A2 & CYP2C19 substrates

• Fluvoxamine

• Immunosuppressants

Consult a healthcare provider before use.

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Conclusion

Melatonin can be an effective aid for certain sleep disorders when used responsibly. Despite being a supplement, it has significant physiological effects and should be taken with caution.

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